Griffin, David Ray. “Dualism, Materialism, Idealism, and PSI: A Reply to John Palmer.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 88 (January 1994): 23-39.

Abstract

Griffin’s response focuses on the issues of dualism, materialism, and idealism, in contrast with A. N. Whitehead’s (1967, 1978) panexperientialism. Related to dualism are the issues of whether Descartes can meaningfully be considered an exponent of psi and how psychokinesis would be understood if interpreters of psi would renounce dualism (explicit or implicit) and adopt panexperientialism. The terms “idealism” and the “new mentalism” are said to be misleading as a characterization of Whitehead’s philosophy. Why the definition of consciousness as a subjective form helps avoid both idealism and dualism is explained.