Sprigge, Timothy L. S. “Santayana and Panpsychism.” Bulletin of the Santayana Society 2 (Fall 1984): 1-8. (not available at CPS)

Abstract

George Santayana was an explicit opponent of panpsychism, for example, that advocated by Whitehead. However, an important place is played in his ontology by natural moments, certain ultimate events with a specially intensive unity in which essences are actualised all at once rather than in the more dispersed way in which larger units actualise them. It is difficult not to think that these are not conceived on the model of states of consciousness. If so, there is an unwitting hint of panpsychism in Santayana’s system.