Odin, Steve. "Environmental Ethics in Whitehead's Eco-Philosophy of Nature, Green Buddhism, & the Japanese of Shizengaku Imanishi Kinji." http://whitehead-japan.com/03/taikai/ecosophia/odin20100220.pdf
Abstract
This paper examines A. N. Whitehead's organic
process cosmology in relation to Green Buddhism and Japanese shizengaku
(nature-study), on overlapping topics including environmental ethics,
ecology, sustainability, and philosophy of nature. Here I introduce the
Japanese shizengaku of Imanishi Kinji, which is influenced not only by
the modern Zen Philosophy of Nishida Kitarô, but also the modern
environmental sciences. Most advocates of Deep Ecology and Green
Buddhism emphases biospheric equality while rejecting all hierarchy. It
is argued that all sentient beings in the web of life have equal moral
standing and equal intrinsic value. However, for Whitehead, as for
Imanishi and even some Japanese Buddhist, nature is ranked into a
hierarchy of degrees of values, including aesthetic, moral, and
spiritual values. The view here is that in addition to the horizontal
axis of interconnectedness and biospheric equality, there is also a
vertical axis establishing a hierarchy of compassion involving the
expanded awareness of an ever-widening circle of relationships in
nature.