Levin, Jerome D. Theories of the Self. Washington, D.C.: Taylor Francis, 1992.  

Abstract

“Theories of the Self” traces our understanding of the self and of narcissism, healthy and pathological, over the course of history. It focuses on modern developments from the philosophical debates of the 17th century to contemporary psychoanalytical conceptualizations. It uniquely integrates the philosophical, psychological, and psychoanalytic understanding of the self. It tells of the lives and cultural and historical situations of each thinker about self (Descartes, Pascal, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Kierkegaard, James, Freud, Jung, Kohut, Whitehead, Wittgenstein most prominently), thereby vivifying the theoretical and relating it to the personal. It concludes that self is developmental, emergent, affective, not body but not disembodied, conflictual, object-relational, partly unconscious, and constitutive.