Hartshorne, Charles. Creative Synthesis and Philosophical Method. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1983 [1970].
Abstract
"In this book, more than in others, I have
attempted to find common ground with linguistic analysts, and to meet
the demand of our time to use no technical philosophical or theological
terms without taking care to explain them in words with standard
non-philosophical uses. I have tried hard to say things sufficiently
definite so that they could at least be right or wrong, and then if
possible to eliminate what is wrong...In conclusions, though scarcely
in method, I have some sympathy with Berdyaev and Teilhard de Chardin,
since they show how a positive philosophy of religion can dispense with
certain traditional dogmas of Western metaphysics, including the
priority of being over becoming, the reduction of creaturely freedom to
the mere reiteration of items in the divine fiat to create the world,
the denial of chance or randomness in the world, the complete
immutability of deity. In such matters I have been encouraged, but
probably not otherwise influenced, by these men. Undoubtedly the
closest parallel to, and probably the strongest influence upon, my
philosophy is Whitehead's. However, the doctrine of "eternal objects"
has always seemed to me, for reasons explained in Chapter IV, an
extravagant kind of Platonism, a needless complication in the
philosophy of process. Then, too, I question if God can be a single
"actual entity," another doctrine which appears out of place in this
philosophy. I am puzzled also by talk of "earlier" and "later" phases
in the becoming of entities said to be devoid of actual succession.
Finally, I explain - some would say, explain away - Whitehead's concept
(or metaphor) of "perishing" very differently than some leading
expositors do. With these considerable reservations I am not far from
Whitehead, particularly in his views of memory, perception, and
causality, summed up in the doctrine of "creative synthesis" or
"creativity" as the "ultimate" abstract principle of
existence...Ideally at least, a philosopher should be a mathematician
and logician as well as metaphysician. Perhaps this could be said of
Plato, certainly of Leibniz, Peirce, and Whitehead - scarcely of
Descartes or of Kant, certainly not of Hegel, and not, in an emphatic
sense, of Husserl or Wittgenstein. A philosopher, however, should also
have a sense for the non-logical side of awareness. Ideally, he should
have more in common with poets than even Aristotle, Leibniz, Husserl,
or Russell have had. Here James and Bergson were great and so was
Whitehead - who, however, learned from the other two. It was so
long ago that I can barely recall how it was, but I may have learned
more metaphysically from Emerson's Essays (illogical as they are) and
Wordsworth's and Shelley's metaphysical poetry (from which Whitehead
also profited) than by reading and hearing Whitehead...Since technical
logic alone cannot establish a metaphysics, intuitions being also
needed, and since these, at least as put into words and conceptualized,
are not infallible or invariable from person to person, how far
philosophers can ever degree is deeply problematical. .It may strike
some readers that (in Strawson's terms) I am doing "revisionist" rather
than "descriptive" metaphysics. However, they will be right to this
extent only: ordinary ways of speaking, for very good reasons, greatly
simplify the complexities of life and the universe, with the result
that philosophers who are too passive and unsuspecting in the face of
these simplifications will not be describing human thought in its full
range." - from the Preface