Eslick, Leonard J.  "From the World to God: The Cosmological Argument."  The Modern Schoolman 60 (March 1983): 145-69.

Abstract

The cosmological argument is critically examined in the historical contexts of Plato, Aristotle, and Thomas Aquinas.  Its validity is seen to hinge upon establishment of an essentially subordinated causal series.  Such a causal series seems to negate freedom and contingency in the effects.  Further, it seems difficult to maintain such a series in the light of relativity physics and quantum mechanics.  The article suggests that such problems can only be resolved by a different model of causality, such as that of Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne.  [Abstract from The Philosopher's Index]